What is Crowd Disaster?
What is Crowd Disaster?
What is Crowd Disaster?
Although crowd disasters are not a new phenomenon, however, they were thought to be of localized nature and hence were not given their due importance. However, with the ever-increasing population of India, the instances of large masses gathering at places such as shopping malls, religious destinations, railway stations etc. on a daily basis, and the realization that immense amount of destruction of life and national property happen in these mishaps, it has become imperative to devise a national policy in this regard.
Causes of Crowd-related disasters
According to the NDMA, there are six categories into which these causes can be classified:
- Structural failures
- Fire/ Electricity
- Crowd Control
- Crowd Behaviour
- Security lapses
- Lack of Coordination among different stakeholders
NDMA Guidelines for Crowd Management
Planning the strategy for management
- Understanding visitors
- Understanding stakeholders
- Crowd Management strategies
- Capacity planning
- Understanding Crowd behaviour
- Crowd disaster process
- Crowd control
- Stakeholder approach
- Risk analysis and preparedness
- Identify threats or causes
- Risk assessment
- Planning
- Develop a course of action
- Information management and dissemination
- Safety and security measures
- Medical Emergency Services
Role of Media
Broadly we can categorise the role of media in the following way:
- Educational
- Critical
- Suggestive
Before a disaster:
- Bring to the attention of the authorities
- Prepare the community and making them aware of Do’s and Don’ts
- Keeping a watch on anti-social elements, thereby helping in maintaining the law and order situation
During a disaster:
- Broadcasting accurate information to stop rumours and hence reduce panic
- Make people aware of their Do’s and Don’ts to reduce further damage of a probable secondary risk
- Can assist the authorities in reaching out to the victims and their families
- Facilitate resource mobilization (funds) for relief operations
After a disaster:
- Informing the people about the post-disaster rehabilitation measures for putting pressure on the authorities
- Provide aid in investigating the causes of the disaster
- Can help generate expert opinion through debates/discussions for better preparedness levels in future
Role of Science and Technology Disaster Mitigation and Prevention
- Geographic information system
- Radiofrequency identification
- Radio, Television, SMS etc.
These all including other technologies and methods help in creating early warning systems, information dissemination, search and rescue, insurance processing etc.
Legal Provisions
- Disaster Management Act, 2005
- The Police Act, 1961
- Kerala Police Act, 2011
- UP Melas Act, 1938
- Cinematograph Act, 1952
- Delhi Cinematograph Rules, 1953